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The idea of additive triad in primary school
Mottlová, Karolína ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Hejný, Milan (referee)
This thesis is focused on the idea of an additive triad in the 1st year of elementary school. Specifically, it addresses the problems of additive operations, their reading and writing, the commutative law, and the transition to an inverse additive operation. The objectives of the diploma thesis are two: - to find and to characterize the cognitive phenomena that occur in solving the tasks of addition and subtraction of small natural numbers, thus contributing to mapping the area of the pupil mental scheme of the additive triad. - to describe my own development in the field of research and experimentation. The content of the theoretical part is the research of professional literature, the commentary on the tasks in textbooks for the 1st year of three publishing houses and the description of the new didactic environment in Hejný's Method - Abaku. The practical part is devoted to the recording and description of cognitive phenomena, which appear in solving problems focused on additive operations in the work of pupils from the first years of three different elementary schools, and to a description of my mistakes that occurred during experimentation. The result of this diploma thesis are denominated and commented cognitive phenomena, which appeared in the solving strategies when solving the problems of...
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Mathematical environment Bus in primary school
Pártl, David ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Jirotková, Darina (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the topic of the mathematical environment Bus realized through mathematical tasks in textbooks Hejný et al. The issue is aimed at pupils of the fourth grade of primary school. The main point of the theoretical part is study of gradual gradation of tasks in environment Bus from 1st to 5th grade of primary school. It was found that the frequency of the tasks in the textbook for the fourth grade is impaired and on the basis has been prepared experiment that complement the tasks so that the frequency has been unimpaired. The practical part includes the preparation of an experiment in which custom- designed tasks were formulated. They were linked with fourth-year primary school curriculum. By performing two experiments was obtained 262 pupil's solutions of tasks, in which were recorded and analyzed pupil's mistakes. This enabled to formulate phenomenons that could be caused by impaired frequency of tasks in environment Bus in textbooks Hejný et al. KEYWORDS graduaded problems, experiment, Hejný's teaching method, mathematical environment Bus, word problems, work with table
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